The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve supplies the depressor anguli oris, which depresses the corners of the mouth on contraction 14. Its fibers converge on the modiolus, together with fibers of the orbicularis oris, risorius and, in some individuals, levator anguli oris muscles. The depressor anguli oris arises from the periosteum of the mandible, along the oblique line lateral to the depressor labii inferioris. The buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve provide the motor supply to the orbicularis oris, whose actions include pursing, dilation and closure of the lips 14. Its fibers interlace with those of all the other facial muscles that act on the mouth. The orbicularis oris acts as a sphincter around the mouth. In this review, we consider the features of the ideal lips for an individual’s face. Recently, cosmetic surgery to modify the lips has gained in popularity, with the goal of increasing facial attractiveness, but the results are in some cases disasterous. Robust, pouty lips are considered to be sexually attractive by both males and females 13. In virtually all females since the beginning of recorded history, full lips have been associated with youth, beauty and voluptuousness. On anterior view, the height of the upper red lip should be less than that of the lower red lip, and the upper lip should project approximately 2 mm over the lower lip on profile 12. This is clearly demonstrated in the lips of the elderly, which are characterised by relative phitral excess and an atrophic upper red lip. Additional important dimensions include the relative vertical length of the upper “red” lip to the length of the philtrum, or upper “white” lip. The projection and relative sizes of the upper and lower lips are as significant to lip aesthetics as the proportion of the lips to the other facial structures. Nelle donne, le labbra carnose, in relazione alla larghezza del viso, così come l’altezza del vermiglio, sono considerate attraenti. Le labbra pertanto sono determinanti per l’attrattività di una persona. La forma e il volume delle labbra di una persona sono di notevole importanza per la percezione di bellezza da parte degli altri individui. Gli individui di razza nera hanno, geneticamente, delle labbra molto grandi. Nei giovani caucasici, il rapporto ideale tra l’altezza del labbro superiore e quella del labbro inferiore è di 1:1,6. Le linee orizzontali (con le quali si può dividere un volto) e la “golden ratio” descrivono le proporzioni che contribuiscono alla bellezza e all’attratività delle labbra. Le labbra carnose sono considerate sensuali sia dal genere maschile sia da quello femminile. Le proiezioni e le relative misure del labbro superiore e inferiore sono importanti non solo per l’estetica delle labbra in sé, ma anche per le proporzioni del viso. In questo lavoro di revisione, noi descriviamo le caratteristiche delle labbra ideali, quindi vengono elencate le caratteristiche delle labbra ideali nel rispetto dell’anatomia del viso, i punti di riferimento anatomici del viso, le giuste proporzioni delle labbra e le differenze in base al sesso e all’etnia. La chirurgia estetica delle labbra ha recentemento ottenuto grande popolarità, tuttavia i risultati in alcuni casi sono disastrosi. Le labbra sono una componente essenziale per la simmetria e l’estetica del viso. In females, fuller lips in relation to facial width as well as greater vermilion height are considered to be attractive. The appearance of the lips in part determines the attractiveness of a person’s face. The shape and volume of a person’s lips are of great importance in the perception of beauty by humans. Blacks, genetically, have a greater lip volume. In young Caucasians, the ideal ratio of the vertical height of the upper lip to that of the lower lip is 1:1.6. Horizontal thirds and the golden ratio describe the proportions that contribute to the beauty and attractiveness of the lips. Robust, pouty lips are considered to be sexually attractive by both males and females. The projection and relative sizes of the upper and lower lips are as significant to lip aesthetics as the proportion of the lips to the rest of the facial structure. The features of the ideal lips with respect to facial anatomy, important anatomical landmarks of the face, the facial proportions of the lips and ethnic and sexual differences are described. In this review, we describe the features of the ideal lips for an individual’s face. Cosmetic surgery to modify the lips has recently gained in popularity, but the results are in some cases disasterous. The lips are an essential component of the symmetry and aesthetics of the face.
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